TO THE HISTORY OF AUTONOMY OF UNIVERSITIES

Abstract

The article analyzes the scientific discourse of university autonomy. It is noted that the term «academic autonomy» is considered not only as a symbol of university identity that is closely related to understanding of the nature of university, its place in society, but also as a basic indicator of the development of the European educational and scientific areas as an instrument for the practical solution for the flexible management of academic structures. It is noted that the first university, which was founded in the Middle Ages, arose as an autonomous institution. It is shown that such a form of organization of the scientific community demonstrated its advantages, however, this model of the university had its own disadvantages. The autonomy of the universities of the New Age was formed in an era when nationstates were created. The foundation of the university was based on the ideas of German philosophers, who began the theoretical analysis of the concept of autonomy». The  doctrine of modern university autonomy, which is actively discussed by scientists, is analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the characteristics of the concept of «autonomy» in Law of Ukraine on Higher Education. The contemporary theoretical approaches to the essence of the phenomenon of university autonomy are considered, and it is shown that university autonomy is considered by researchers in three areas: academic, political and financial. The basic classification of autonomy is given as well as their characteristics are described. Academic, procedural and substantive autonomy are distinguished; the essence of autonomy is defined by the classification of this phenomenon. Other researchers make distinctive meaningful, procedural and organizational-structural autonomy. Based on the world practice of the universities, liberal and centrist models of university autonomy are demarcated. Depending on the nature of the relationship with the state and the peculiarities of financing, market, directive and mixed models of university autonomy are characterized.