ATTITUDE TOWARDS MIGRANTS IN EUROPE AND UKRAINE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS (according to ESS — European Social Survey 2012, 2016)

Abstract

The problems related to migration especially the integration of migrants in the receiving country, are relevant for many countries, including Ukraine. This problem was illustrated by the European migration crisis, which happened in 2015. Therefore,
in the article the authors rely on the data of the monitoring of the comparative European study (ESS) of 2015 (the last year with the participation of Ukraine) and 2016 (the year after the migration crisis). The main attention in this work was given to the consideration of the attitudes of the population of the countries participating in the ESS project to external migration. The typology of countries with respect to migrants is based on a comparison of average values. By implementing a differentiated analysis of migrant phobia, it was determined that the proportion of female audience is more tolerant than male. However, more significant changes are observed depending on the age of the respondents. The typology, based on the method of comparing the Indices of «tolerance» (IT1 and IT2) allows us to divide the studied countries of Europe into four groups. The composition of the groups as of 2012 and 2016 is changing. Firstly, because there has been a change in the perception of the impact of migration on various spheres of life in the country, especially after the European migration crisis of 2015. Secondly, some countries did not participate in the 2016 study. In the article also was pointed, the higher the assessment of the impact of migration on the economy, culture, and life in general in the country, the higher the readiness for receiving migrants. The most positive attitude was recorded in Poland and Iceland. In all fairness in conclusion
should be mentioned that in this study was considered only some aspects of the stated problem. Undoubtedly, the designated topic deserves more study.