Background of formation of the theory of multiculturalism: project «justice» J. Rawls

Abstract

This article is devoted to the issues of the theoretical project of «justice» of the famous American researcher, social liberal John Rawls. The project is called «justice as fairness» because honest here interpreted very broadly: the principle applies not only to the procedure, but the results of social interaction. For John Rawls society appears as a cooperative enterprise for the sake of mutual benefit and justice — is an intelligent design, because without elected people the principles of justice can’t be social cooperation. These principles are the principle of equal freedom; the principle of fair equality of opportunity; the principle of distinction, which is the ideological foundation of multiculturalism. According to the study of theory, social inequality should be compensated, and natural — to influence the distribution of benefits. An important conclusion is John. Rawls that the basic structure of society must be transformed so that all the natural talent to work for the benefit of the less successful members of society. Particular attention is paid to the idea of «cross-consensus». The meaning of the idea of «cross consensus» is that different groups of countries, religious and cultural communities can come to an agreement on certain standards of human behavior, if they are tolerant towards differences in outlook. This is not a merger of different views and ideas in a metaideology not parallel coexistence of foreign cultures that interact weakly with each other. On the contrary, the idea of «cross-consensus» involves the search for common clashes of opinion, which complement each other and create growing space consent. On this basis, there is the possibility of creating a new code of behavior principles that will help in the future development of a stable order, finding a compromise in the different views on the benefit and ensuring social harmony and stability as important conditions for the existence of a multicultural society.